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Re: The case for context in defining Open Data

Posted by Glen Newton on Feb 28, 2013; 11:51am
URL: http://civicaccess.416.s1.nabble.com/The-case-for-context-in-defining-Open-Data-tp5474p5510.html

A less politicised (and arguable clearer) example than the Weenusk one
is one from the area of biological conservation: the release of the
location of populations of new or threatened species can have huge
negative impacts on the species in question. Depending on the
"sexiness" of the species (rare orchids, or newly discovered primates,
for example) to the public (and by extension, poachers), the
publication of the location of these organisms can lead to their
reduction or extinction, and have significant negative impact on their
environment.

Few would disagree with the need to withhold or generalize this data,
seeing that the cost of releasing it far outweighs the benefit. The
dominant policy now is to not release the location to the public, but
researchers will often communicate the information to other
researchers when it is requested.
Keeping it out of the public (read: "poachers") hands in this case is
acceptable.
_Even_ if the public funded the research. The greater public good is
in _not_ releasing this information.

See also:
- "Should the location of newly discovered species be hidden?"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17386764
- "Newly discovered slow loris species already threatened"
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/dec/14/newly-discovered-slow-loris-species-borneo
- "Rare Species Are Valued Big Time"
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0005215
- "Endangering the endangered: The effects of perceived rarity on
species exploitation"
http://129.175.106.17/epc/conservation/PDFs/Endangering.pdf

-Glen

On Wed, Feb 27, 2013 at 10:11 PM, michael gurstein <[hidden email]> wrote:

> Russell and all,
>
> I'm not directly familiar with the Winusk case but I am a bit familiar with
> indigenous knowledge issues overall and I think the question there may be
> found in different approaches to the matter of what is being made "open".
> The simplified definitions are that "data in context" is "information" and
> that "information with a purpose" is "knowledge"... For the Winusk as for
> many indigenous peoples what others might take as "data" concerning specific
> physical features of the land because of their particular intense
> involvement with specific land areas becomes "information" and what for
> others might be generalized and neutral "information" about particular
> features of the land, for them would become "knowledge" concerning for
> example supportive of hunting/fishing, spiritually related landmarks
> etc.etc.
>
> Many indigenous peoples are extremely protective of their "indigenous
> knowledge" for precisely those reasons since that knowledge is their way of
> living with their land.
>
> M
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: [hidden email]
> [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Russell
> McOrmond
> Sent: Tuesday, February 26, 2013 9:15 PM
> To: [hidden email]
> Subject: Re: [CivicAccess-discuss] The case for context in defining Open
> Data
>
>
> On 13-02-26 01:58 PM, Ted Strauss wrote:
>> For those who couldn't access the link, the post is up at:
>> http://blog.trudat.co/the-case-for-context/
>
>   I'll suggest this same conversation happened in the Free Software movement
> decades ago, even before the term "open source" was coined, and I'm
> skeptical the "open data" movement is all that different.  It is good to
> have these conversations, but hopefully the "open data" movement will learn
> from the more senior Free Software movement.
>
>
>
>   When you move beyond making data or software able to be collaborated with
> a greater audience you will always run into political disagreements about
> wanting this software/data to only be used for "good" and not "bad" things.
> You then quickly find out that we do *NOT* all agree on what "good" or "bad"
> means, and that as soon as we engage in these conversations to limit "bad"
> uses any ability to collaborate breaks down.
>
>   In the FLOSS movement you have people collaborating on the creation of
> multi-purpose software who often have strongly opposing ideas of what a
> "good" use of software is.  The fact that software could be used for a "bad"
> purpose, as personally defined by one of the participants, must be ignored
> in order for the collaboration and software to exist in the first place.
>
>   Thus I reject the idea that we should look at opening as being related "to
> achieve one's goals in the context of a particular situation" given
> collaboration will happen between diverse (and sometimes strongly
> opposing) goals and be used in diverse contexts.  To focus on these things
> will only slow down or cease the opening of the software/data, pushing
> software/data towards the alternative.
>
>   The alternative is that the only software that gets written or data that
> is collected is controlled by proprietary suppliers, with the software/data
> benefiting the interests of those suppliers and not any larger public(s).
> In my mind, no matter what your particular personal goals may be, this is a
> bad outcome for anyone who isn't that supplier.
>
>
>   The Weenusk First Nation is worried that if mapping data about their
> land is made more widely known, then this will harm them.   This ignores
> the fact that the data is likely already commercially available to mining
> companies, so it isn't like this is going to make the land any more open to
> that type of exploitation than it was before.  Even if the government
> refused to sell to commercial entities (a highly unlikely scenario in the
> current political climate), those with the greatest financial incentives may
> do their own proprietary mapping which will serve their proprietary
> interests.
>
>
>   What opening data does is make the data available to *others*.  Those
> *others* can put the data to what the WFN considers "good" purposes or "bad"
> purposes, but given mining is one of the greatest concerns expressed (and
> they already have the data) it seems to reason that the potential new (and
> as yet possibly unimagined) "good" uses the data can be put to is likely
> going to outweigh the "bad".
>
>   I've said this already, but I strongly believe WFN's concerns about
> mapping date being more widely published is misplaced -- if anything, less
> access to data for potentially "good" purposes will harm WFN's ultimate
> interests.
>
>
> --
>  Russell McOrmond, Internet Consultant: <http://www.flora.ca/>  Please help
> us tell the Canadian Parliament to protect our property  rights as owners of
> Information Technology. Sign the petition!
>  http://l.c11.ca/ict
>
>  "The government, lobbied by legacy copyright holders and hardware
>   manufacturers, can pry my camcorder, computer, home theatre, or
>   portable media player from my cold dead hands!"
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